350 YEARS JAPANIS IN INDONESIA occupation
During the Japanese occupation in Indonesia began in 1942 and ended on August 17, 1945 along with the Declaration of Independence Indonesia by Soekarno and M. Hatta on behalf of the Indonesian nation.
On May 1940, the beginning of World War II, the Netherlands was occupied by Nazi Germany. Dutch East Indies declared a state of siege in July and divert exports to Japan to the United States danInggris. Negotiations with Japan aimed at securing supplies of aircraft fuel failed in June 1941, and Japan began the conquest of Southeast Asia in December of that year. That same month, factions from Sumatra to receive Japanese aid to bring about a revolution against Dutch rule. The last Dutch forces defeated Japan in March 1942.
On July 1942, Sukarno accepted Japan's offer to hold a public rally and form a government that can provide answers to the military needs Jepang.Soekarno, Mohammad Hatta, and the Kyai decorated by the Emperor of Japan in 1943. However, the experience of mastery of the Japanese in Indonesia varies greatly, depending on where one lives and social status of the person. For those who live in areas that are considered important in the war, they were subjected to torture, sexual slavery involved, arbitrary detention and capital punishment and other war crimes. The Dutch and mixed Dutch-Indonesian is a target in the control of Japan.Japanese form of preparation for independence is BPUPKI (Investigation Agency Efforts Preparation of Indonesian Independence) or Dokuritsu Junbi Cosakai, in Japanese. The agency role in the preparations for the pre-independence and make the state and was replaced by PPKI who prepared the independence of their duties.
Background
In October 1941, General Hideki Tojo replaced Konoe as prime minister of Japan. Indeed, until late 1940, Japanese military leaders do not want to fight some countries at once, but since mid-1941 they saw that the United States, Britain and the Netherlands have faced at once, if they want to control natural resources in Southeast Asia. Especially after the U.S. launched an oil embargo, which they crave, both for the industry in Japan, as well as for the war.
Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, commander of the Japanese Navy, developed a strategy of war is very courageous, that is putting all the power its fleet to two major operations. The full potential of the Japanese Navy including six aircraft carriers (aircraft carrier), 10 battleships, 18 heavy cruisers, 20 light cruisers, four ships carrying supplies, 112 destroyers, 65 submarines and fighter aircraft 2274.The first force, the six aircraft carriers, two battleships, 11 destroyers and more than 1,400 combat aircraft, dated December 7, 1941, a sudden attack in the United States Pacific Fleet base at Pearl Harbor on the Hawaiian Islands. While the second force, the rest of the Navy forces at their disposal, to support the Army in Operation South, namely the attack on the Philippines and Malaya / Singapore, which will continue to Java. Forces that were deployed to Southeast Asia is 11 Infantry Division, supported by 7 tank regiment and 795 combat aircraft. The whole operation will be completed within 150 days. Admiral Nagumo Chuichi assigned to lead the fleet to attack Pearl Harbor.
Sunday morning of December 7, 1941, 360 aircraft consisting of a carrier torpedo bombers and fighter planes to depart in two waves.The bombing of Pearl Harbor was successfully sank two large warships and damaged six other battleships. Besides the Japanese bombing also destroyed 180 tesebut American fighter aircraft. More than 2330 American soldiers were killed and more than 1140 injured. But the three American aircraft carriers survived, because at that time was not in Pearl Harbor. Dated December 8, 1941, the United States Congress declared war on Japan.
The Pacific War was a major effect on the independence movement in the countries of East Asia, including Indonesia. The purpose Hndia Japan invaded and occupied the Netherlands is to control natural resources, especially petroleum, in order to support Japan's war potential and support the industry. Java was designed as a supply center for all military operations in Southeast Asia, and Sumatra as a major source of oil.
Organization initiated by the Japanese
Defenders of the Homeland (Map)§
Gakukotai (irregulars students)§
Heiho (backup line of soldiers)§
Seinendan (youth line)§
Fujinkai (female line)§
Son (Power Center for the People)§
Java Hokokai§
Keibodan (auxiliary police ranks)§
Jibakutai (death squads)§
Kempetai (secret police ranks)§
Social and Cultural
Social Stratification System in the Age of Japan
System of social stratification in the Japanese place on the bumiputera group or class group of East European Foreign, except Japan. This is caused by the Japanese want to take care of the people of Indonesia to assist them in the Greater East Asia War.
Social Stratification System in the Age of Modern Industry
Today, the modern industrialization would bring a much broader impact than during the Dutch colonial industrialization. In urban areas, there is a shift in employment structure and labor force. For example, it now appears the new kinds of jobs that previously did not exist, the consultant services, advocacy, and legal aid agencies.Also experienced a shift in the labor force, especially in terms of gender. In the past, labor is monopolized by men. But nowadays, women have played in every field of work.
Accordingly, the determination of social class is no longer solely determined by purely economic aspects, but also determined by other aspects, such as the scarcity factor and professionalism of a person. This is caused by the industrial community that is very mengahrgai creativity that can give added value in the job. As a result, highly educated people are highly valued by the industry.Conversely, people with low education are placed in the lower strata.
On July 1942, Sukarno accepted Japan's offer to hold a public rally and form a government that can provide answers to the military needs Jepang.Soekarno, Mohammad Hatta, and the Kyai decorated by the Emperor of Japan in 1943. However, the experience of mastery of the Japanese in Indonesia varies greatly, depending on where one lives and social status of the person. For those who live in areas that are considered important in the war, they were subjected to torture, sexual slavery involved, arbitrary detention and capital punishment and other war crimes. The Dutch and mixed Dutch-Indonesian is a target in the control of Japan.Japanese form of preparation for independence is BPUPKI (Investigation Agency Efforts Preparation of Indonesian Independence) or Dokuritsu Junbi Cosakai, in Japanese. The agency role in the preparations for the pre-independence and make the state and was replaced by PPKI who prepared the independence of their duties.
Background
In October 1941, General Hideki Tojo replaced Konoe as prime minister of Japan. Indeed, until late 1940, Japanese military leaders do not want to fight some countries at once, but since mid-1941 they saw that the United States, Britain and the Netherlands have faced at once, if they want to control natural resources in Southeast Asia. Especially after the U.S. launched an oil embargo, which they crave, both for the industry in Japan, as well as for the war.
Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, commander of the Japanese Navy, developed a strategy of war is very courageous, that is putting all the power its fleet to two major operations. The full potential of the Japanese Navy including six aircraft carriers (aircraft carrier), 10 battleships, 18 heavy cruisers, 20 light cruisers, four ships carrying supplies, 112 destroyers, 65 submarines and fighter aircraft 2274.The first force, the six aircraft carriers, two battleships, 11 destroyers and more than 1,400 combat aircraft, dated December 7, 1941, a sudden attack in the United States Pacific Fleet base at Pearl Harbor on the Hawaiian Islands. While the second force, the rest of the Navy forces at their disposal, to support the Army in Operation South, namely the attack on the Philippines and Malaya / Singapore, which will continue to Java. Forces that were deployed to Southeast Asia is 11 Infantry Division, supported by 7 tank regiment and 795 combat aircraft. The whole operation will be completed within 150 days. Admiral Nagumo Chuichi assigned to lead the fleet to attack Pearl Harbor.
Sunday morning of December 7, 1941, 360 aircraft consisting of a carrier torpedo bombers and fighter planes to depart in two waves.The bombing of Pearl Harbor was successfully sank two large warships and damaged six other battleships. Besides the Japanese bombing also destroyed 180 tesebut American fighter aircraft. More than 2330 American soldiers were killed and more than 1140 injured. But the three American aircraft carriers survived, because at that time was not in Pearl Harbor. Dated December 8, 1941, the United States Congress declared war on Japan.
The Pacific War was a major effect on the independence movement in the countries of East Asia, including Indonesia. The purpose Hndia Japan invaded and occupied the Netherlands is to control natural resources, especially petroleum, in order to support Japan's war potential and support the industry. Java was designed as a supply center for all military operations in Southeast Asia, and Sumatra as a major source of oil.
Organization initiated by the Japanese
Defenders of the Homeland (Map)§
Gakukotai (irregulars students)§
Heiho (backup line of soldiers)§
Seinendan (youth line)§
Fujinkai (female line)§
Son (Power Center for the People)§
Java Hokokai§
Keibodan (auxiliary police ranks)§
Jibakutai (death squads)§
Kempetai (secret police ranks)§
Social and Cultural
Social Stratification System in the Age of Japan
System of social stratification in the Japanese place on the bumiputera group or class group of East European Foreign, except Japan. This is caused by the Japanese want to take care of the people of Indonesia to assist them in the Greater East Asia War.
Social Stratification System in the Age of Modern Industry
Today, the modern industrialization would bring a much broader impact than during the Dutch colonial industrialization. In urban areas, there is a shift in employment structure and labor force. For example, it now appears the new kinds of jobs that previously did not exist, the consultant services, advocacy, and legal aid agencies.Also experienced a shift in the labor force, especially in terms of gender. In the past, labor is monopolized by men. But nowadays, women have played in every field of work.
Accordingly, the determination of social class is no longer solely determined by purely economic aspects, but also determined by other aspects, such as the scarcity factor and professionalism of a person. This is caused by the industrial community that is very mengahrgai creativity that can give added value in the job. As a result, highly educated people are highly valued by the industry.Conversely, people with low education are placed in the lower strata.
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