History of ancient Chinese dynasties Shiang
End of the reign of the Xia Dynasty 夏, chaos in the government of the Xia Dynasty 夏 is never out of control, disturbance and attacks from outside as well have never stopped, after ascending the throne, Jie 桀 also not trying to change the conditions, even more unjust and cruel, so that the nobles finally began to rebel. At about 1600 BC, the leader of the tribe 商 Shang, Tang 汤 / 汤 joined other tribes 夏 overthrow the Xia Dynasty, and founded the Shang Dynasty 商. At first the tribal capital of the Shang 商 her in Bo 亳 (now Shangqiu 商丘 河南 Henan Province), after defeating 夏 Xia Dynasty, moved the capital to the west and still called by the name of Bo 亳 (now Henan Province Yǎnshī 偃师 河南).
After ascending the throne, Tang 汤 / 汤 govern wisely its citizens, with the help of such talented ministers and Zhongyuan Yīyǐn 伊尹 仲 虺, more powerful and prosperous country. After Tang 汤 / 汤 died, because his eldest son died young Dading 大 丁, the throne passed on to younger Dading 大 丁, Wàibǐng 外 丙; after Wàibǐng 外 丙 dies, succeeded by his brother Zhòngrén 仲 壬; and after Zhòngrén 仲 壬 died, back to the son inherited the throne of Dading 大 丁, Tàijiǎ 太甲. The third year of Tàijiǎ 太甲, therefore ruled incorrectly and immoral, Tàijiǎ 太甲 ostracized by Yīyǐn 伊尹 Tónggōng 桐 宫 to the palace. After three years of residence in the palace Tónggōng 桐 宫, Tàijiǎ 太甲 feel very sorry, so eventually Yīyǐn 伊尹 pick up and hand power back to him.
At first, the Shang Dynasty moved the capital several times 商 her, until the last in the reign of Pángēng 盘庚 / 盘庚, establishing the capital at Yin 殷 (now Anyang 安阳 / 安阳 河南 Henan Province), so that 商 Shang dynasty is often referred to as Yin 殷. After Pángēng 盘庚 / 盘庚 殷 move the capital to Yin, the Shang Dynasty 商 community economic development experience to advance. Until then Wǔdīng 武丁 reign, the Shang Dynasty 商 many attacks expansion, conquering many small states around them, expand their territory, so that the Shang Dynasty 商 reached their peak.
After Wǔdīng 武丁 died, 商 Shang Dynasty began to retreat and weaken. Last king of the Shang Dynasty 商, Dìxīn 帝辛 or Zhòuwáng 纣王 / 纣王 successfully promoting economic and cultural ties with China to establish relations with the southeast, the waters of the Changjiang River and Huaihe 淮河 长江 / 长江, but because it is constantly engaged in warfare and building castles in the scalelarge, very draining and spend human resources and wealth of the people, giving rise to disappointment in the hearts of the people.Zhou Wǔwáng 周武王 deploy 300 chariots, 3000 before the attack troops, 4500 soldiers, and join the Qiang tribe 羌, Mao 茅 / 髳, Lu 卢 / 卢 and so on, simultaneously attacking Zhòuwáng 纣王 / 纣王, and managed to strike up capital of dynasty Shang 商, Cháogē 朝歌 (now Qixian 淇县 District, City of 鹤壁 Hebi, Henan Province 河南).
At that time 商 Shang troops are fighting a small tribe in the northeast, so it was forced to use slaves and soldiers to deal with prisoners of war in the region Mùyě 牧野, 70 Lǐ 里 (unit distance) of Cháogē 朝歌. The slaves did not want to fight for the king of the Shang Zhòuwáng 商 纣王 / 商 纣王 evil and unjust, so that at the critical moment, Shang 商 troops suddenly turn directions, attacking his own troops. It turns out that the troops are deserting slaves and soldiers of prisoners who had long hated the Shang Zhòuwáng 商 纣王 / 商 纣王. Shang troops 商 become chaotic and easily destroyed.
After the Battle Mùyě 牧野, Shang Zhòuwáng 商 纣王 / 商 纣王 conscious of his defeat, did not want to force Zhou 周 and has a palace and seized his property, he ordered his subordinates to collect all the treasures of the palace, and wrapped themselves in cloth, lying above all valuables , with fire, burn and destroy a sinful life. Zhou Wǔwáng 周武王 for the support of various tribes and small nations, founded the Zhou Dynasty 周, the third dynasty of slave society in China. After the Shang Dynasty collapsed 商, the rest of the Shang ruling family that survived 商 together they change their surname from Zǐ 子 be the name of their fallen dynasty, Yin 殷.
Survivors of the royal family became aristocratic and often help to government administration purposes 周 Zhou Dynasty. Zhou Chéngwáng 周 成 王 through mangkubuminya, which is his own uncle, Zhou Gōngdàn 周公 旦, conferring to you Zhòuwáng Shang 商 纣王 / 商 纣王, Wéizǐ 微 子 old former capital of the Shang Dynasty and the surrounding areas into the state 商 宋 Song. State Song and descendants of the Shang Dynasty 宋 商 still continue the ritual to the kings of the Shang Dynasty 商 who died and survived until the year 286sm.
Between Korean and Chinese legend states that one of the Shang Dynasty 商 prince who is not satisfied, named Jīzǐ 箕子 (Kija), refused to hand over power to the Zhou Dynasty 周, chose to leave China with the rest of his army and established the Joseon Gija near Pyongyang now that was one of of early Korean states (Go-, Gija-, and Wiman-Joseon). Nevertheless Jīzǐ 箕子 rarely mentioned in history, and there is a story of his departure to assume the Joseon was mystical.
Territory
Shang territory 商; east reaches the sea, reached the western province of western Shǎnxī 陕西 / 陕西, northeastern Liaoning province reached 辽宁 / 辽宁, south to about Jiangnan 江南 (not including 四川 Sichuan Province, Yunnan 云南 / 云南, Guizhou 贵州 / 贵州and the area around the southwest), and is one of the world's largest empire at the time, but the main rule is still in Zhongyuan 中原. Establish the capital at Bo 亳 (now District Caoxian 曹县 / 曹县 Shandong Province 山东 / 山东), and several times to move the capital, last Pángēng 盘庚 / 盘庚 殷 move the capital to Yin (now Xiǎotúncūn 小屯村 Village, Anyang 安阳 / 安阳 Province河南 Henan), and therefore, the Shang Dynasty 商 often referred to as the Yin Dynasty 殷.
Government
Shang 商 establish some structure more perfect state. The central government established two important departments namely the department of the secretariat of state affairs and legal departments of state governance. Areas left to the nobles, in order to strengthen pemeritahan area, and many officials and palace guards. While military power and war equipment remains in the hands of the royal family directly, the statesmen also set Xíngfá 刑罚 / 刑罚 (penalty) and Jianyu 监狱 / 监狱 (prison) is very cruel. Moreover, it also uses religious beliefs to strengthen the powers of government, the king of the Shang Dynasty 商 even call themselves as representatives of God in this world, mengabungkan divine power and royal authority.
Economic Conditions
Agriculture 商 Shang Dynasty is more advanced, it can use various types of plants to be created into wine, was able to create a more bronze tools neat and nice and was able to make a white ceramic or porcelain. Therefore, the exchange of goods is growing, so the city has emerged at the beginning of human civilization, and a very prosperous kingdom at that time. Because of the Shang Dynasty trade 商 very advanced, trade relations with surrounding countries is also very much, as the traders in Chinese, Shāngrén 商人 (trader), is derived from the name the people in surrounding countries against those of the Shang Dynasty 商. Agriculture is the most important part in the economic, agricultural land is more organized and orderly, as well as more types of agriculture. Weaving business is also experiencing growth; very prosperous farms, in addition to the six main types of livestock, also succeeded in raising livestock elephant.
Culture and science
In the Shang Dynasty 商, began to develop the ability of iron handicrafts, ceramics and porcelain, trade is also very rapid. From the findings of bone divination (Jiǎgúwén 甲骨文) prove developmental writing at the time of the Shang Dynasty 商 already experienced a long period of development. Astrology and the rule of law ahead of the Xia Dynasty 夏, many new discoveries of astronomy, such as the discovery of the planet Mars and the planet Venus, in addition, there is also a written record of the medical sciences and mathematics, as well as the development of art music has also been very high, up many musical and dance; like Diāosù 雕塑 which is one of the most famous art in the Shang Dynasty 商 slave society.
After ascending the throne, Tang 汤 / 汤 govern wisely its citizens, with the help of such talented ministers and Zhongyuan Yīyǐn 伊尹 仲 虺, more powerful and prosperous country. After Tang 汤 / 汤 died, because his eldest son died young Dading 大 丁, the throne passed on to younger Dading 大 丁, Wàibǐng 外 丙; after Wàibǐng 外 丙 dies, succeeded by his brother Zhòngrén 仲 壬; and after Zhòngrén 仲 壬 died, back to the son inherited the throne of Dading 大 丁, Tàijiǎ 太甲. The third year of Tàijiǎ 太甲, therefore ruled incorrectly and immoral, Tàijiǎ 太甲 ostracized by Yīyǐn 伊尹 Tónggōng 桐 宫 to the palace. After three years of residence in the palace Tónggōng 桐 宫, Tàijiǎ 太甲 feel very sorry, so eventually Yīyǐn 伊尹 pick up and hand power back to him.
At first, the Shang Dynasty moved the capital several times 商 her, until the last in the reign of Pángēng 盘庚 / 盘庚, establishing the capital at Yin 殷 (now Anyang 安阳 / 安阳 河南 Henan Province), so that 商 Shang dynasty is often referred to as Yin 殷. After Pángēng 盘庚 / 盘庚 殷 move the capital to Yin, the Shang Dynasty 商 community economic development experience to advance. Until then Wǔdīng 武丁 reign, the Shang Dynasty 商 many attacks expansion, conquering many small states around them, expand their territory, so that the Shang Dynasty 商 reached their peak.
After Wǔdīng 武丁 died, 商 Shang Dynasty began to retreat and weaken. Last king of the Shang Dynasty 商, Dìxīn 帝辛 or Zhòuwáng 纣王 / 纣王 successfully promoting economic and cultural ties with China to establish relations with the southeast, the waters of the Changjiang River and Huaihe 淮河 长江 / 长江, but because it is constantly engaged in warfare and building castles in the scalelarge, very draining and spend human resources and wealth of the people, giving rise to disappointment in the hearts of the people.Zhou Wǔwáng 周武王 deploy 300 chariots, 3000 before the attack troops, 4500 soldiers, and join the Qiang tribe 羌, Mao 茅 / 髳, Lu 卢 / 卢 and so on, simultaneously attacking Zhòuwáng 纣王 / 纣王, and managed to strike up capital of dynasty Shang 商, Cháogē 朝歌 (now Qixian 淇县 District, City of 鹤壁 Hebi, Henan Province 河南).
At that time 商 Shang troops are fighting a small tribe in the northeast, so it was forced to use slaves and soldiers to deal with prisoners of war in the region Mùyě 牧野, 70 Lǐ 里 (unit distance) of Cháogē 朝歌. The slaves did not want to fight for the king of the Shang Zhòuwáng 商 纣王 / 商 纣王 evil and unjust, so that at the critical moment, Shang 商 troops suddenly turn directions, attacking his own troops. It turns out that the troops are deserting slaves and soldiers of prisoners who had long hated the Shang Zhòuwáng 商 纣王 / 商 纣王. Shang troops 商 become chaotic and easily destroyed.
After the Battle Mùyě 牧野, Shang Zhòuwáng 商 纣王 / 商 纣王 conscious of his defeat, did not want to force Zhou 周 and has a palace and seized his property, he ordered his subordinates to collect all the treasures of the palace, and wrapped themselves in cloth, lying above all valuables , with fire, burn and destroy a sinful life. Zhou Wǔwáng 周武王 for the support of various tribes and small nations, founded the Zhou Dynasty 周, the third dynasty of slave society in China. After the Shang Dynasty collapsed 商, the rest of the Shang ruling family that survived 商 together they change their surname from Zǐ 子 be the name of their fallen dynasty, Yin 殷.
Survivors of the royal family became aristocratic and often help to government administration purposes 周 Zhou Dynasty. Zhou Chéngwáng 周 成 王 through mangkubuminya, which is his own uncle, Zhou Gōngdàn 周公 旦, conferring to you Zhòuwáng Shang 商 纣王 / 商 纣王, Wéizǐ 微 子 old former capital of the Shang Dynasty and the surrounding areas into the state 商 宋 Song. State Song and descendants of the Shang Dynasty 宋 商 still continue the ritual to the kings of the Shang Dynasty 商 who died and survived until the year 286sm.
Between Korean and Chinese legend states that one of the Shang Dynasty 商 prince who is not satisfied, named Jīzǐ 箕子 (Kija), refused to hand over power to the Zhou Dynasty 周, chose to leave China with the rest of his army and established the Joseon Gija near Pyongyang now that was one of of early Korean states (Go-, Gija-, and Wiman-Joseon). Nevertheless Jīzǐ 箕子 rarely mentioned in history, and there is a story of his departure to assume the Joseon was mystical.
Territory
Shang territory 商; east reaches the sea, reached the western province of western Shǎnxī 陕西 / 陕西, northeastern Liaoning province reached 辽宁 / 辽宁, south to about Jiangnan 江南 (not including 四川 Sichuan Province, Yunnan 云南 / 云南, Guizhou 贵州 / 贵州and the area around the southwest), and is one of the world's largest empire at the time, but the main rule is still in Zhongyuan 中原. Establish the capital at Bo 亳 (now District Caoxian 曹县 / 曹县 Shandong Province 山东 / 山东), and several times to move the capital, last Pángēng 盘庚 / 盘庚 殷 move the capital to Yin (now Xiǎotúncūn 小屯村 Village, Anyang 安阳 / 安阳 Province河南 Henan), and therefore, the Shang Dynasty 商 often referred to as the Yin Dynasty 殷.
Government
Shang 商 establish some structure more perfect state. The central government established two important departments namely the department of the secretariat of state affairs and legal departments of state governance. Areas left to the nobles, in order to strengthen pemeritahan area, and many officials and palace guards. While military power and war equipment remains in the hands of the royal family directly, the statesmen also set Xíngfá 刑罚 / 刑罚 (penalty) and Jianyu 监狱 / 监狱 (prison) is very cruel. Moreover, it also uses religious beliefs to strengthen the powers of government, the king of the Shang Dynasty 商 even call themselves as representatives of God in this world, mengabungkan divine power and royal authority.
Economic Conditions
Agriculture 商 Shang Dynasty is more advanced, it can use various types of plants to be created into wine, was able to create a more bronze tools neat and nice and was able to make a white ceramic or porcelain. Therefore, the exchange of goods is growing, so the city has emerged at the beginning of human civilization, and a very prosperous kingdom at that time. Because of the Shang Dynasty trade 商 very advanced, trade relations with surrounding countries is also very much, as the traders in Chinese, Shāngrén 商人 (trader), is derived from the name the people in surrounding countries against those of the Shang Dynasty 商. Agriculture is the most important part in the economic, agricultural land is more organized and orderly, as well as more types of agriculture. Weaving business is also experiencing growth; very prosperous farms, in addition to the six main types of livestock, also succeeded in raising livestock elephant.
Culture and science
In the Shang Dynasty 商, began to develop the ability of iron handicrafts, ceramics and porcelain, trade is also very rapid. From the findings of bone divination (Jiǎgúwén 甲骨文) prove developmental writing at the time of the Shang Dynasty 商 already experienced a long period of development. Astrology and the rule of law ahead of the Xia Dynasty 夏, many new discoveries of astronomy, such as the discovery of the planet Mars and the planet Venus, in addition, there is also a written record of the medical sciences and mathematics, as well as the development of art music has also been very high, up many musical and dance; like Diāosù 雕塑 which is one of the most famous art in the Shang Dynasty 商 slave society.
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